3 New Criminal Laws Come into Effect: Are States and Police Prepared to Implement Them?

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On July 1, three new criminal laws—Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, and Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam—replaced the colonial-era Indian Penal Code, Code of Criminal Procedure, and Indian Evidence Act. These laws aim to modernize India’s criminal justice system, introducing significant changes such as Zero FIR, online registration of complaints, electronic summonses, and mandatory videography …

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Comparison Summary Of The Bhartatiya Nyaya Sanhita To The Indian Penal Code

Comparison Summary Of The Bhartatiya Nyaya Sanhita To The Indian Penal Code

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The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita (BNS) has been proposed as a successor to the Indian Penal Code, 1860 (IPC), with the objective of overhauling India’s criminal jurisprudence. The IPC, which forms the backbone of the criminal justice system, was drafted during the colonial era and, despite various amendments, remains largely reflective of its 19th-century origins. The …

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Section 69 of the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita

Section 69 of the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita: A New Law Raising Concerns

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On July 1, the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita (BNS) replaced the 164-year-old Indian Penal Code (IPC), introducing several new provisions. One of the most controversial is Section 69, which criminalizes sexual relationships initiated under false pretenses, such as a promise to marry without the intent to follow through. This law imposes a penalty of up to …

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