The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita (BNS) has been proposed as a successor to the Indian Penal Code, 1860 (IPC), with the objective of overhauling India’s criminal jurisprudence. The IPC, which forms the backbone of the criminal justice system, was drafted during the colonial era and, despite various amendments, remains largely reflective of its 19th-century origins. The BNS seeks to modernize the legal framework, ensure conformity with constitutional principles, and respond to contemporary legal issue.